Multi-drug Resistance in Cancer

CBT-1™ continues to demonstrate the ability to reverse Multiple Drug Resistance in cancer cells. Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) is the phenomenon whereby cancer cells become resistant to a variety of drugs.

Resistance of Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy remains the major cause of treatment failure. The MDR tumors result from a gene which produces a membrane derived protein.

This protein forms a pore that acts as an energy driven pump forcing the toxic chemotherapy drugs out of the cell.

MDR Prevents Chemotherapy From Working
To be effective, most chemotherapy drugs must bind onto DNA or RNA. The drugs then exert their toxicities against important cell activities.

This entire process is concentration dependent; which means that when the MDR protein is functioning efficiently the lethal intracellular dose of the drug is not reached. Therefore, the cancer cells continue to multiply in the presence of the normally lethal extracellular concentration of anticancer drugs.

Published Article:
"Multidrug Resistance in Cancer"
In 1989 the article "Multidrug Resistance in Cancer" by Norbert Kartner Ph.D. and Victor Ling Ph.D. was published by Scientific American.

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  multidrug.pdf (238k) multidrug.txt (31k)

Published Editorial:
"Treament of Drug Resistance: Biotherapy or Chemotherapy?"
In 1998 the editorial "Treatment of Drug resistance: Biotherapy or Chemotherapy" by Robert K. Oldham M.D. was published by Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals.

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  editorial.pdf (13k) editorial.txt (5k)